Lighting Facts:

• 2/3 of world population, 99% of continental US lives under sky�s polluted by artificial light.

•  For 40% of the population of the United States it never gets dark enough at night for human eyes to become adapted to night-vision.

•  One-fifth of the world�s population lives where they can no longer see the Milky Way, even on the darkest of nights.

•  Far from the lights of Wailuku, Kahului, Kihei the resorts, the highways and streetlights, on a moonless light, you can see about 2,000 stars with the naked eye.

•  From a tourism standpoint, it is as important to maintain and protect our night sky, as it is to keep our water and beaches clean.

•  Haleakala & Mauna Kea contribute some $150M a year to the states economy.  Light trespass interferes with astronomical and space surveillance activities.

•  Every year millions of migrating birds die when they are attracted to lights and fly into buildings and towers.

•  Right here on Maui, endangered night flying birds and sea turtles become disoriented and injured due to light pollution.

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What We Have Today

MAUI COUNTY STREET & SUBDIVISION STANDARDS 
� 2/ 2000 
DRAFT OUTDOOR LIGHTING ORDINANCE
� 10/ 3 DRAFT submitted to the Council Public Works and Transportation Committee
1988 --County of Hawaii (Big Island) Outdoor light law passed

WHY MAUI NEEDS A LAW
Because light pollution and light trespass impinges on;
others property rights
on the public's right to common natural resources
� We pass laws to protect our rights

The Law Should Protect-
LIGHT POLLUTION 
Maui is being exposed to adverse effects of man made light towards the Sky
� Light Pollution is reversible utilizing full cut-off lighting fixtures and better lamp choices. 
LIGHT TRESPASS
� IS -- Light emitted to a neighboring property, where it is not needed or wanted, also is called spill light, or stray light.

� Light trespass has become an increasing concern as urban boundaries push into rural and agricultural areas, As many of us Upcountry know this spill light can travel miles, and it also contributes to sky glow.

� Light trespass can be minimized through careful selection of lamp wattage fixtures that holds the bulb, placement of the light , time limits on use, And simple awareness of the issue.
ENERGY CONSERVATION 
� It is estimated Maui County spends over a million $'s a year on electricity for Street lights, There would be a 30% savings retrofitting to LPS over HPS, and another 30% retrofitting to full-cutoff fixtures, a conservative savings of $500,000 a year. 


GLARE and SAFETY 
� Glaring lights greatly hamper good nighttime vision affecting everyone's safety. 
� Full-cutoff luminaires can help 
� Glare contributes to visual clutter and confusion, making road ways unsafe. 
� Advances in technology now offer much safer options.
� Fewer highways or neighborhood streets need to be lit with streetlights. 
� Intersections, walkway crossings and defined dangerous roadway alignments are the important places to have good lighting 
� Instead of lights many communities are installing high-quality reflecting"dots" in the road's middle, and high-quality, well-maintained stripes on either side of the road, and the road is at least as safe as it would have been with streetlights, much less cost and clutter.
Security
Lighting Controls for Security
The common misconception is that adding lots of bright lighting to an area will automatically make it safe, Studies don't prove you are any safer in the light, you only might feel safer.

IMPROVE AND ENFORCE STANDARDS
� SET COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LIGHTING STANDARDS as a MODEL FOR the STATE, & our utility company
� CONSISTENCY OF DESIGN AND LUMINARIES 
� LIMIT INVENTORY REQUIREMENTS for all roadways /save $$
� CONTROL VISUAL CLUTTER 
� SET STANDARDS ON STATE PROJECTS, SCHOOLS, PARKS
� The county should be installing and maintaining all street lights ( MECO does this now), on State and County roads to achieve uniformity of design standards.
� Rural roadways and subdivisions should not be on the same standards as urban areas ( Community Plan)


PUBLIC AWARENESS

� Informational workshops should be planned for County, Utility Company, and private electrical engineers 
� Establish clear guidelines for community planners and developers 
� Educate communities. Information on appropriate outdoor-lighting solutions helps communities build consensus on outdoor-lighting issues, and encourages voluntary action. 
� lighting sales outlets should be encouraged to sell non-polluting outdoor lighting fixtures. This would encourage the proper standard.

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GOOD AND BAD- 
Effective lighting design incorporates careful consideration of many variables including: overall visibility, safety, security, and energy efficiency, Light trespass, along with environmental concerns such as sky glow or impacts on local wildlife. 
. good lighting saves money.
To achieve the best energy savings 
� select the correct equipment for the project,, 
� bulb wattage should be reduced to absolute minimums whenever possible, 
� adequate shielding should be used to direct the illumination more effectively, 
� and lighting should only be used where it is absolutely needed, and 
� non-essential lighting on after business hours should be turned off. 

Low Pressure Sodium 'LPS' WHY & WHEN
WHY?
� If you live in a community where important educational and military observatories are located LPS lighting is encouraged and required in many of those areas around the Country and the World
� LPS is the most cost effective lamp choice by watt. There would be a 30% savings retrofitting to LPS over HPS for Maui's street lights
� Turtles and night birds are more attracted to white light sources. 
When To?
� Excellent for--Streetlights--Walkways-Parking Lots-Security lighting-
When not to use LPS?
� Where color rendition is needed- outdoor sales and eating, assembly and repair areas, recreational parks, advertising and other signs. 


Mercury Vapor Lamps
� When new, the 175 watt mercury vapor lamp puts out about 8000 lumens (a lumen is a measure of the amount of light produced by a lamp), It declins in light output with time. But still uses the same wattage. 
� Could cost about $90 a year to operate, putting out less light each year!
� That amount of light output compares approximately to a 400 watt incandescent 
� a 100 watt metal halide lamp, 
� a 70 or 100 watt high pressure sodium lamp, 
� or a 55 watt low pressure sodium lamp.
� type of fixtures these lamps come in make it hard to control the light.
� They have the most polluting color of light, adding to sky glow 
Outlawed for street and subdivisions already, new ord to outlaw sale and use 

WHAT IS GOOD SECURITY LIGHTING? 
Bright security lights that produce glare do not prevent crime. No crime study ever commissioned by the Department of Justice has been able to substantiate this claim. 
� Motion sensors connected to security lighting or alarms is the most effective solution for burglary prevention because when lights go on suddenly it draws immediate attention from others. 
� Bright glaring lights that stay on all night long go unnoticed because most people who see someone approaching under those conditions usually believes the person belongs there.
� There are a number of excellent automatic lighting controls that may be used to turn on and off exterior lights for security lighting.
� Such as photo sensors,
� time clocks, 
� timer switches,
� motion sensors.

What Can You Do?
� LearnAbout the Issue

� Set A good Example

� Support a quality Light Law

http://dynamics.org/MAUI_NIGHT_LIGHTS